A boy, with a stone in his left hand, confronts the heavily armed Egyptian military police at a barbed wire barricade in central Cairo just south of Tahrir Square in December 2011. The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 started as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Mubarak’s presidency. In 2019, Human Rights Watch reported that judicial authorities have investigated very few officers and even fewer have been prosecuted for abuses, including enforced disappearances and torture.

First published in the June 27, 2019, 9:29 p.m. edition

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